...of nature evolving more advanced compression algorithms in more complex organisms.
lol, I'm guessing you're joking.
But just in case some people don't realize this is a joke, I will add that there are several reasons why it doesn't quite work like that. To name a few:
1. The idea of "more advanced" assumes a linearity to evolution that does not fit with natural selection (the "escalator fallacy" discussed by Mary Midgley)
2. While many genes perform multiple functions, these are not in any way planned, as though a gene becomes established because it does both A and B and therefore can replace two separate genes that each do only one task. Since genes operate by dictating the production of amino acids, in most cases their multiple operations are mere coincidence. Governed by natural selection, if such coincidences happen to be useful enough to promote the organism's survival over others, then the gene becomes established.
3. It is actually much simpler to suppose that excessively large genomes evolved by mere chance. In the first place, it is not as though so-called less-evolved organisms all have large genomes while advanced organisms have small ones. It is true that many apparently simple plants have huge genomes, but this does not mean that the line of evolution passes from large to small genomes. Rather, earlier versions of plants had simpler genomes which became much larger because strange copyerrors ended up producing some benefit. For example, a cell accidentally doubled a chromosome, but by pure chance this doubling did not lead to its death but ended up being read in such a way that it provided a benefit.
Importantly, what is especially facinating is that not all DNA really adds new information. For example, since we have two of every chromosome, much of our DNA is essentially just backup. I remember being in high school pondering how so much complexity about the human person could be encoded into DNA. I did some simple math, and discovered that human DNA is only about as much information as a clean installation of Windows XP! Clearly there must be more to what makes us human than just DNA, because we certainly seem at least a little more complex than Windows XP. Of course, epigenetics helps to explain the gap a bit. But at the same time, it's important to see that much of what we are is really a product of our individual development/environment, and is not strictly encoded into DNA.
You make some good points, but I really wish you'd research your historical claims. It's ironic that today we promote the idea that we require proof, and yet people often accept mere authority—and bad authorities at that—when it comes to historical claims. For example:
Galileo was excommunicated for teaching the wrong science.
Galileo wasn't excommunicated. Excommunication is a very specific punishment that means that someone is not allowed to receive the Eucharist and is no longer part of the Church. Galileo was put on permanent house arrest and his books were banned. However, this was a relatively light punishment, since they didn't prevent him from continuing his work. In addition, while the Church was wrong to condemn Galileo, it's really pretty complicated to understand the full story around it. Galileo's combative attitude played a significant role. More importantly, Galileo's claims went against both established theory (including mathematical theory) and what seemed to be common sense experience. Galileo's eventual acceptance required a rethinking of what "empirical" evidence meant so that instruments like the telescope could be trusted more than one's own eyes.
The Catholic Church was the primary source of science at the time, such as it was. Some of it was good, such as monks creating tomes of creatures and plants they saw in the wild. Others not so good such as including dragons in those tomes. Or coming down hard on Galileo despite the Bible never saying the earth was the center of the universe.
While the Church was the source of science, this was primarily because the Church provided opportunities for education and scholarship that were otherwise lacking in medieval society. The Church typically did not declare on matters of science. The reason it crossed the line in the Galileo incident has a lot to do with paranoia over the Protestant Reformation. Also, I don't know of any medieval book of science that actually includes dragons. Dragons were a matter of superstition, but that doesn't mean that the educated people typically believed in them.
The real weakness of medieval biology was that it relied too heavily on Aristotle and Galen. Aristotle's biology was actually quite groundbreaking and in many ways it points prophetically toward modern biology, but it was still very limited especially because Aristotle had to rely on too much secondhand information. This is why he taught, for example, that hyenas could change their sex. This quirky falsehood made it into the popular mindset because Aristotle's biology lacked serious followup and correction until the modern era. Importantly, Aristotle's biology contributed pivotal things like the axiom "natura non facit saltum," which was taken up by Leibniz and Linnaeus. He also essentially began the science of empirical biology. However, as I said, the concept of empiricism had to change substantially at the end of the middle ages in order for modern science to develop.
In fact, since the earth wasn't created on the first day, it's actually pretty silly to say God made the sun and stars and other stuff first, just sort of out there and then stuck the earth in the middle a few days later. But there it is.
Even in the early centuries of Christianity, the book of Genesis was commonly accepted to be symbolic in meaning. The modern fundamentalist mentality had not been invented yet. Augustine, for example, suggested that "six days" might not literally be six days. Interestingly, in Genesis light and darkness are created before the sun and the moon. This points to the sense in which it is not talking simply about physical creation but metaphysically: the very concept of light needed to be created before there could be an actual entity that produces this light. There's a lot more to be said about Genesis, but most importantly the story is intended to make clear that the sun, the moon, the stars, the earth, and other things are not gods. Other religions, most notably the Babylonians, saw these things as produced out of the gods and divine in themselves. The Hebrews recognized that the world is not divine and yet still profoundly good.
Anyway, your major points are well taken. You're right about how quickly the tide of scientific opinion can change. The problem with dark matter and dark energy is precisely that they are fillers. Yes, they are well-defined fillers, but fillers nonetheless.
I have never seen anything fill up a vacuum so fast and still suck. -- Rob Pike, on X.