I so dislike the new stance of the Trump administration and its friends in the Senate in regards to China. This report can't be taken seriously; it's just politics.
The explanation is actually simpler: these are just the usual particles interacting in an environment that restricts them to two dimensions, so mathematically the model changes and physicists throw in a buzzword, anyons. But again, it's not really new particles..
This AI scheme is most likely a scam profiting from the magical appearance of everything AI. Profiling risk when we know so little about the disease is almost impossible.